The chronic myeloid leukemia is an illness of clonal origin, appearing in anomaly result of the primordial or indifferent cell (stem-cell) of the bone marrow. Anomalous clone originated from this cell expands and infiltrates the parenchyma of the marrow, in slow way, but progressive. The BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, a product of Philadelphia chromosome, is a protein with central role in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia. For being an illness of always fatal evolution, being difficult to eliminate the leucemic clone (Ph1) with quemistrytherapy treatment, the total irradiation of the patient, followed of transplant of compatible bone marrow, is the treatment form most promising dressing of the chronic myeologenous leukemia. This work has for objective to describe the pathogenesis of the disease, to characterize the variable used for classification, as well as describing the treatment instituted for the patients in the different clinical phases of the illness.

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