Experimenting on animals is important for new scientific discoveries, disease prevention and cure, control of pharmaceutical products, production and development of vaccines and new surgical techniques. To ensure the production of quality laboratory animals for medical researches, appropriate installations, specialized equipments and qualified personnel are needed. Moreover, each species' physiological particularities must be taken into consideration when using animals for research in order to secure their welfare throughout the whole experiment, minimizing stressful conditions and eliminating conditions of pain and discomfort. The object of this study is to produce an ample and upto- date literature review on experimental animal welfare and ethics. Brazil still lacks regulation on the use of animals for teaching and scientific research. Therefore, debate and disclosure of the subject are fundamental for the development of scientific research within bioethical and animal welfare parameters, as well as for the publication of results from procedures involving animals in renowned scientific magazines.

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